Chapter 2: MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE

1. A particle moves along the x axis from xi to xf . Of the following values of the initial and final coordinates, which results in the displacement with the largest magnitude?

A. xi = 4 m, xf = 6 m

B. xi = −4 m, xf = −8m

C. xi = −4 m, xf = 2 m

D. xi = 4 m, xf = −2m

E. xi = −4 m, xf = 4 m

Ans: E

2. A particle moves along the x axis from xi to xf . Of the following values of the initial and final coordinates, which results in a negative displacement?

A. xi = 4 m, xf = 6 m

B. xi = −4 m, xf = −8m

C. xi = −4 m, xf = 2 m

D. xi = −4 m, xf = −2m

E. xi = −4 m, xf = 4 m

Ans: B

3. The average speed of a moving object during a given interval of time is always:

A. the magnitude of its average velocity over the interval

B. the distance covered during the time interval divided by the time interval

C. one-half its speed at the end of the interval

D. its acceleration multiplied by the time interval

E. one-half its acceleration multiplied by the time interval. Ans: B

4. Two automobiles are 150 kilometers apart and traveling toward each other. One automobile is moving at 60 km/h and the other is moving at 40 km/h mph. In how many hours will they meet?

A. 2.5

B. 2.0

C. 1.75

D. 1.5

E. 1.25

Ans: D

5. A car travels 40 kilometers at an average speed of 80 km/h and then travels 40 kilometers at an average speed of 40 km/h. The average speed of the car for this 80-km trip is:

A. 40 km/h

B. 45 km/h

C. 48 km/h

D. 53 km/h

E. 80 km/h

Ans: D

6. A car starts from Hither, goes 50 km in a straight line to Yon, immediately turns around, and returns to Hither. The time for this round trip is 2 hours. The magnitude of the average velocity of the car for this round trip is:

A. 0

B. 50 km/hr

C. 100 km/hr

D. 200 km/hr

E. cannot be calculated without knowing the acceleration Ans: A

7. A car starts from Hither, goes 50 km in a straight line to Yon, immediately turns around, and returns to Hither. The time for this round trip is 2 hours. The average speed of the car for this round trip is:

A. 0

B. 50 km/h

C. 100 km/h

D. 200 km/h

E. cannot be calculated without knowing the acceleration Ans: B

8. A drag racing car starts from rest at t = 0 and moves along a straight line with velocity given by v = bt2, where b is a constant. The expression for the distance traveled by this car from its position at t = 0 is:

A. bt3

B. bt3/3

C. 4bt2

D. 3bt2

E. bt3/2

Ans: B

9. A ball rolls up a slope. At the end of three seconds its velocity is 20 cm/s; at the end of eight seconds its velocity is 0. What is the average acceleration from the third to the eighth second?

A. 2.5 cm/s2

B. 4.0 cm/s2

C. 5.0 cm/s2

D. 6.0 cm/s2

E. 6.67 cm/s2 Ans: B

Which of these particles have constant acceleration?

E. All four

F. Only 1 and 2

G. Only 2 and 3

H. Only 3 and 4

I. None of them

Ans:D

10. An object starts from rest at the origin and moves along the x axis with a constant acceleration of 4 m/s2. Its average velocity as it goes from x = 2 m to x = 8 m is:

A. 1 m/s

B. 2 m/s

C. 3 m/s

D. 5 m/s

E. 6 m/s

Ans: E

11. Of the following situations, which one is impossible?

A. A body having velocity east and acceleration east

B. A body having velocity east and acceleration west

C. A body having zero velocity and non-zero acceleration

D. A body having constant acceleration and variable velocity

E. A body having constant velocity and variable acceleration Ans: E

12. Throughout a time interval, while the speed of a particle increases as it moves along the x axis, its velocity and acceleration might be:

A. positive and negative, respectively

B. negative and positive, respectively

C. negative and negative, respectively

D. negative and zero, respectively

E. positive and zero, respectively Ans: C

13. A particle moves on the x axis. When its acceleration is positive and increasing:

A. its velocity must be positive

B. its velocity must be negative

C. it must be slowing down

D. it must be speeding up

E. none of the above must be true Ans: E

14. The position y of a particle moving along the y axis depends on the time t according to the equation y = at − bt2. The dimensions of the quantities a and b are respectively:

A. L2/T, L3/T2

B. L/T2, L2/T

C. L/T, L/T2

D. L3/T, T2/L

E. none of these Ans: C

15. A particle moves along the x axis according to the equation x = 6t2, where x is in meters and

t is in seconds. Therefore:

A. the acceleration of the particle is 6 m/s2

B. t cannot be negative

C. the particle follows a parabolic path

D. each second the velocity of the particle changes by 9.8 m/s

E. none of the above Ans: E

16. At time t = 0 a car has a velocity of 16 m/s. It slows down with an acceleration given by

−0.50t, in m/s

A. 64 s

B. 32 s

C. 16 s

D. 8.0 s

E. 4.0 s Ans: D

for t in seconds. It stops at t =

17. At time t = 0 a car has a velocity of 16 m/s. It slows down with an acceleration given by

−0.50t, in m/s

A. 0

B. 12 m

C. 14 m

D. 25 m

E. 59 m Ans: E

for t in seconds. At the end of 4.0 s it has traveled:

18. A car, initially at rest, travels 20 m in 4 s along a straight line with constant acceleration. The acceleration of the car is:

A. 0.4 m/s2

B. 1.3 m/s2

C. 2.5 m/s2

D. 4.9 m/s2

E. 9.8 m/s2

Ans: C

19. A racing car traveling with constant acceleration increases its speed from 10 m/s to 50 m/s over a distance of 60 m. How long does this take?

A. 2.0s

B. 4.0s

C. 5.0s

D. 8.0s

E. The time cannot be calculated since the speed is not constant Ans: B

20. A car starts from rest and goes down a slope with a constant acceleration of 5 m/s2. After 5 s the car reaches the bottom of the hill. Its speed at the bottom of the hill, in meters per second, is:

A. 1

B. 12.5

C. 25

D. 50

E. 160

Ans: C

21. A car moving with an initial velocity of 25 m/s north has a constant acceleration of 3 m/s2 south. After 6 seconds its velocity will be:

A. 7 m/s north

B. 7 m/s south

C. 43 m/s north

D. 20 m/s north

E. 20 m/s south Ans: A

22. An object with an initial velocity of 12 m/s west experiences a constant acceleration of 4 m/s2 west for 3 seconds. During this time the object travels a distance of:

A. 12 m

B. 24 m

C. 36 m

D. 54 m

E. 144 m

Ans: D

23. How far does a car travel in 6 s if its initial velocity is 2 m/s and its acceleration is 2 m/s2 in the forward direction?

A. 12 m

B. 14 m

C. 24 m

D. 36 m

E. 48 m Ans: E

24. At a stop light, a truck traveling at 15 m/s passes a car as it starts from rest. The truck travels at constant velocity and the car accelerates at 3 m/s2. How much time does the car take to catch up to the truck?

A. 5 s

B. 10 s

C. 15 s

D. 20 s

E. 25 s Ans: B

25. A ball is in free fall. Its acceleration is:

A. downward during both ascent and descent

B. downward during ascent and upward during descent

C. upward during ascent and downward during descent

D. upward during both ascent and descent

E. downward at all times except at the very top, when it is zero Ans: A

26. A ball is in free fall. Upward is taken to be the positive direction. The displacement of the ball during a short time interval is:

A. positive during both ascent and descent

B. negative during both ascent and descent

C. negative during ascent and positive during descent

D. positive during ascent and negative during descent

E. none of the above Ans: D

27. A baseball is thrown vertically into the air. The acceleration of the ball at its highest point is:

A. zero

B. g, down

C. g, up

D. 2g, down

E. 2g, up

Ans: B

28. Which one of the following statements is correct for an object released from rest?

A. The average velocity during the first second of time is 4.9 m/s

B. During each second the object falls 9.8m

C. The acceleration changes by 9.8 m/s2 every second

D. The object falls 9.8 m during the first second of time

E. The acceleration of the object is proportional to its weight Ans: A

29. A freely falling body has a constant acceleration of 9.8 m/s2. This means that:

A. the body falls 9.8 m during each second

B. the body falls 9.8 m during the first second only

C. the speed of the body increases by 9.8 m/s during each second

D. the acceleration of the body increases by 9.8 m/s2 during each second

E. the acceleration of the body decreases by 9.8 m/s2 during each second Ans: C

30. An object is shot vertically upward. While it is rising:

A. its velocity and acceleration are both upward

B. its velocity is upward and its acceleration is downward

C. its velocity and acceleration are both downward

D. its velocity is downward and its acceleration is upward

E. its velocity and acceleration are both decreasing Ans: B

31. An object is thrown straight up from ground level with a speed of 50 m/s. If g = 10 m/s2 its distance above ground level 1.0 s later is:

A. 40 m

B. 45 m

C. 50 m

D. 55 m

E. 60 m Ans: B

32. An object is thrown straight up from ground level with a speed of 50 m/s. If g = 10 m/s2 its distance above ground level 6.0 s later is:

A. 0.00 m

B. 270 m

C. 330 m

D. 480 m

E. none of these Ans: E

33. At a location where g = 9.80 m/s2, an object is thrown vertically down with an initial speed of 1.00 m/s. After 5.00 s the object will have traveled:

A. 125 m

B. 127.5 m

C. 245 m

D. 250 m

E. 255 m

Ans: B

34. An object is thrown vertically upward at 35 m/s. Taking g = 10 m/s2, the velocity of the object 5 s later is:

A. 7.0 m/s up

B. 15 m/s down

C. 15 m/s up

D. 85 m/s down

E. 85 m/s up Ans: B

35. A feather, initially at rest, is released in a vacuum 12 m above the surface of the earth. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The maximum velocity of the feather is 9.8 m/s

B. The acceleration of the feather decreases until terminal velocity is reached

C. The acceleration of the feather remains constant during the fall

D. The acceleration of the feather increases during the fall

E. The acceleration of the feather is zero Ans: C

36. An object is released from rest. How far does it fall during the second second of its fall?

A. 4.9m

B. 9.8m

C. 15 m

D. 20 m

E. 25 m Ans: C

37. A heavy ball falls freely, starting from rest. Between the third and fourth second of time it travels a distance of:

A. 4.9 m

B. 9.8 m

C. 29.4 m

D. 34.3 m

E. 39.8 m

Ans: D

38. As a rocket is accelerating vertically upward at 9.8 m/s2 near Earth’s surface, it releases a projectile. Immediately after release the acceleration (in m/s2) of the projectile is:

A. 9.8 down

B. 0

C. 9.8 up

D. 19.6 up

E. none of the above Ans: A

39. A stone is released from a balloon that is descending at a constant speed of 10 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, after 20 s the speed of the stone is:

A. 2160 m/s

B. 1760 m/s

C. 206 m/s

D. 196 m/s

E. 186 m/s

Ans: C

40. An object dropped from the window of a tall building hits the ground in 12.0 s. If its acceleration is 9.80 m/s2, the height of the window above the ground is:

A. 29.4 m

B. 58.8 m

C. 118 m

D. 353 m

E. 706 m

Ans: E

41. Neglecting the eﬀect of air resistance a stone dropped oﬀ a 175-m high building lands on the ground in:

A. 3 s

B. 4 s

C. 6 s

D. 18 s

E. 36 s Ans: C

42. A stone is thrown vertically upward with an initial speed of 19.5 m/s. It will rise to a maximum height of:

A. 4.9 m

B. 9.8 m

C. 19.4 m

D. 38.8 m

E. none of these Ans: C

43. A baseball is hit straight up and is caught by the catcher 2.0 s later. The maximum height of the ball during this interval is:

A. 4.9 m

B. 7.4 m

C. 9.8 m

D. 12.6 m

E. 19.6 m

Ans: A

44. An object is thrown straight down with an initial speed of 4 m/s from a window which is 8 m above the ground. The time it takes the object to reach the ground is:

A. 0.80 s

B. 0.93 s

C. 1.3 s

D. 1.7 s

E. 2.0 s Ans:B

45. A stone is released from rest from the edge of a building roof 190 m above the ground. Ne- glecting air resistance, the speed of the stone, just before striking the ground, is:

A. 43 m/s

B. 61 m/s

C. 120 m/s

D. 190 m/s

E. 1400 m/s Ans: B

46. A projectile is shot vertically upward with a given initial velocity. It reaches a maximum height of 100 m. If, on a second shot, the initial velocity is doubled then the projectile will reach a maximum height of:

A. 70.7 m

B. 141.4 m

C. 200 m

D. 241 m

E. 400 m

Ans: E

47. The area under a velocity-time graph represents:

A. acceleration

B. change in acceleration

C. speed

D. change in velocity

E. displacement Ans: E