The access specifiers are used to define how to functions and variables can be accessed outside the class.

There are three types of access specifiers:

• Private: Functions and variables declared as private can be accessed only within the same class, and they cannot be accessed outside the class they are declared.
• Public: Functions and variables declared under public can be accessed from anywhere.
• Protected: Functions and variables declared as protected cannot be accessed outside the class except a child class. This specifier is generally used in inheritance.